Common Eye Illnesses in Sri Lanka: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

 Sri Lanka's tropical climate and environmental factors contribute to various eye illnesses that affect thousands of people annually. Understanding these conditions helps residents take preventive measures and seek timely treatment when symptoms appear.

Diabetic Retinopathy: A Growing Concern

Diabetic retinopathy ranks among the leading causes of vision loss in Sri Lanka. This condition develops when high blood sugar levels damage the tiny blood vessels in the retina. Early stages often show no symptoms, making regular eye examinations crucial for diabetics.

Symptoms include blurred vision, dark spots, and difficulty seeing at night. Advanced cases may experience sudden vision loss or see floating spots. Treatment options range from laser therapy to injections, depending on the severity.

Cataracts: The Silent Vision Thief

Cataracts affect a significant portion of Sri Lanka's aging population. This condition occurs when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, gradually reducing vision quality. Risk factors include prolonged sun exposure, diabetes, and genetic predisposition.

Common symptoms include cloudy or blurry vision, increased sensitivity to light, and seeing halos around lights. Colors may appear faded or yellowed. Modern cataract surgery offers excellent outcomes, with most patients experiencing restored vision within days.

Glaucoma: The Silent Killer of Sight

Often called the "silent thief of sight," glaucoma damages the optic nerve gradually. Many patients remain unaware until significant vision loss occurs. Risk factors include family history, age over 40, and certain medical conditions.

Symptoms vary by type but may include gradual loss of peripheral vision, eye pain, and seeing rainbow-colored circles around lights. Early detection through regular eye pressure checks enables effective management with medications or surgical procedures.

Dry Eye Syndrome: Modern Life's Impact

Air conditioning, computer screens, and environmental pollution contribute to dry eye syndrome becoming increasingly common in urban Sri Lanka. This condition occurs when eyes don't produce enough tears or when tear quality is poor.

Symptoms include burning sensations, redness, and feeling like something is in your eye. Treatment approaches include artificial tears, lifestyle modifications, and addressing underlying causes such as allergies or hormonal changes.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

This condition affects the central part of the retina, impacting detailed vision needed for reading and driving. While more common in developed countries, cases are increasing in Sri Lanka as the population ages.

Early signs include straight lines appearing wavy and difficulty recognizing faces. Treatment depends on the type but may include vitamin supplements, injections, or laser therapy.

Prevention Strategies

Protecting your eyes starts with simple daily habits. Wear quality sunglasses with UV protection, maintain a healthy diet rich in leafy greens and fish, and take regular breaks from screen time. Managing underlying health conditions like diabetes and hypertension also plays a vital role.

Seeking Professional Care

Regular comprehensive eye examinations remain the best defense against vision-threatening conditions. Many eye diseases develop silently, making professional screening essential for early detection and treatment. 

When choosing healthcare providers, consider facilities with modern diagnostic equipment and experienced ophthalmologists like those at Vasan Health Care, which offers comprehensive eye care services throughout Sri Lanka.